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Contents.Examples Sedative hypnotics Rebound insomniaRebound insomnia is that occurs following discontinuation of substances taken to relieve primary insomnia. Regular use of these substances can cause a person to become on its effects in order to fall asleep. Therefore, when a person has stopped taking the medication and is 'rebounding' from its effects, he or she may experience insomnia as a symptom of. Occasionally, this insomnia may be worse than the insomnia the drug was intended to treat.Common medicines known to cause this problem are, and such as and which are prescribed to people having difficulties falling or staying asleep.Rebound depressionDepressive symptoms may appear to arise in patients previously free of such an illness.Daytime reboundRebound phenomena do not necessarily only occur on discontinuation of a prescribed dosage. For example, daytime rebound effects of anxiety, metallic taste, perceptual disturbances which are typical can occur the next day after a short acting hypnotic wears off. Another example is early morning rebound insomnia which may occur when a rapidly eliminated hypnotic wears off which leads to rebounding awakeness forcing the person to become wide awake before he or she has had a full night's sleep.
One drug which seems to be commonly associated with these problems is due to its high potency and ultra short half life but these effects can occur with other short acting. Due to its selectivity for type1 benzodiazepine receptors and long half life does not cause daytime anxiety rebound effects during treatment, showing that half life is very important for determining whether a nighttime will cause next day rebound withdrawal effects or not. Daytime rebound effects are not necessarily mild but can sometimes produce quite marked psychiatric and psychological disturbances. Stimulants Rebound effects from such as or include, and a return of ADHD symptoms but in a temporarily exaggerated form.
Up to a third of ADHD children experience a rebound effect when methylphenidate is withdrawn. Antidepressants Many, including, can cause rebound, and when discontinued. Antipsychotics Sudden and severe emergence or re-emergence of psychosis may appear when or discontinued too rapidly.alpha-2 adrenergic agents Rebound hypertension, above pre-treatment level, was observed after, and discontinuation.Others Other rebound effectsAn example is the use of highly potent, such as for. Abrupt withdrawal can cause a much more severe case of the psoriasis to develop. Therefore, withdrawal should be gradual, diluting the medication with lotion perhaps, until very little actual medication is being applied.Another example of rebound is a from painkillers when the dose is lowered, the medication wears off, or the drug is abruptly discontinued.Continuous usage of ( ) can lead to constant, known as.See also.References. Reber, Arthur S.; Reber, Emily S. Dictionary of Psychology.
Penguin Reference. Lader, Malcolm (January 1994). 'Anxiety or depression during withdrawal of hypnotic treatments'.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 38 (Supplement 1): 113–123. Kales A, Soldatos CR, Bixler EO, Kales JD (April 1983). 'Early morning insomnia with rapidly eliminated benzodiazepines'. 220 (4592): 95–7. Lee A, Lader M (January 1988).
'Tolerance and rebound during and after short-term administration of quazepam, triazolam and placebo to healthy human volunteers'. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 3 (1): 31–47. Kales A (1990). 'Quazepam: hypnotic efficacy and side effects'.
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'Quazepam and flurazepam: differential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics'. J Clin Psychiatry. 52 Suppl: 21–6. Adam K; Oswald I (May 1989).
'Can a rapidly-eliminated hypnotic cause daytime anxiety?' 22 (3): 115–9. Garland EJ (1998). 'Pharmacotherapy of adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: challenges, choices and caveats'. 12 (4): 385–95. Rosenfeld AA (February 1979). 'Depression and psychotic regression following prolonged methylphenidate use and withdrawal: case report'.
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Rebound 1996 Download Free
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